1 Initial Corpus generation & inspection

1.1 Corpus Creation

  1. Scopus download of documents retrieved from search string from Markard et al. (2012), resulting in ca 2.800 documents. Limited to LANGUAGE = ENGLISH AND TYPE = (ARTICLE OR OR BOOK OR BOOKCHAPTER OR EDITORIAL OR SHORT SURVEY).
  2. Selecting “seed” publications. 1% most cited total + 1% most cited per year + top3 cited papers from each 2015-2017. Ex-post manual insertion and exclusion (top 1% cited in total + per year, all papers from Markard et al. (2012), all 2011 & 2012special issue in the top-100 most citd, and lastly authority based). Results in 51 seed papers
  3. Retrieving for each seed 1000 publications with most shared references. Again, same limitations as in step 1. Also include top-1000 cited in the results of step 1. I excluded publications with less than on 1 citation per year, and citation before 1998 (start of the field, as we agreed in the last meeting).
  4. Adittional ex. post filterin. First, based on citations recieved and connectivity in bibliographic coupling network. Namely, I excluded edges in the bottom 10% quantile of the weight distribution (Jaccard weighted), also unconnected and nodes in the bottom 10% of the degree distribution. Lastly,after the community detection exercise, I excluded nodes in communities of less than 500 members.

That leads to an overal corpus size of:

## Number of unique publications in the final corpus:  13869

1.2 Seed Paper

In the following, we more in detail investigate the seed papers. Notice the adittional tabs for details on ou selection of seed papers.

1.2.1 Seep papers and corpus size

Generally, 50 x 1000 = 50.000 documents downloaded. However, due to an overlap of publications with most shared references to seed papers, final corpus is smaller.

First insight: It appears the main Sustainability corpus seems saturated, expansion appears more in adjacent fields.

1.2.2 List of all seed papers

n AU PY TI SO TC TC_year included
1 NA The Markard et al. (2012) search string NA NA
2 Geels F.W. 2002 Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study Research Policy 1818 107 top-cited-total
3 Geels F.W., Schot J. 2007 Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways Research Policy 1429 119 top-cited-total
4 Geels F.W. 2004 From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory Research Policy 1159 77 top-cited-total
5 Kemp R., Schot J., Hoogma R. 1998 Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 1126 54 top-cited-total
6 Unruh G.C. 2000 Understanding carbon lock-in Energy Policy 1046 55 top-cited-total
7 Rotmans J., Kemp R., Van Asselt M. 2001 More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy Foresight 862 48 top-cited-total
8 Shove E. 2010 Beyond the ABC: Climate change policy and theories of social change Environment and Planning A 861 96 top-cited-total
9 Smith A., Stirling A., Berkhout F. 2005 The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions Research Policy 854 61 top-cited-total
10 Hekkert M.P., Suurs R.A.A., Negro S.O., Kuhlmann S., Smits R.E.H.M. 2007 Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change Technological Forecasting and Social Change 825 69 top-cited-total
11 Markard J., Raven R., Truffer B. 2012 Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects Research Policy 710 101 top-cited-total
12 Garud R., Karnøe P. 2003 Bricolage versus breakthrough: Distributed and embedded agency in technology entrepreneurship Research Policy 689 43 top-cited-total
13 Bergek A., Jacobsson S., Carlsson B., Lindmark S., Rickne A. 2008 Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis Research Policy 654 59 top-cited-total
14 Geels F.W. 2011 The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: Responses to seven criticisms Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 596 74 top-cited-total
15 Schot J., Geels F.W. 2008 Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: Theory, findings, research agenda, and policy Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 584 53 top-cited-total
16 Smith A., Voß J.-P., Grin J. 2010 Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: The allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges Research Policy 546 61 top-cited-total
17 Geels F.W. 2005 Technological transitions and system innovations: A co-evolutionary and socio-technical analysis Technological Transitions and System Innovation… 508 36 top-cited-total
18 Jacobsson S., Lauber V. 2006 The politics and policy of energy system transformation - Explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology Energy Policy 496 38 top-cited-total
19 Jacobsson S., Johnson A. 2000 The diffusion of renewable energy technology: An analytical framework and key issues for research Energy Policy 472 25 top-cited-total
20 Loorbach D. 2010 Transition management for sustainable development: A prescriptive, complexity-based governance framework Governance 466 52 top-cited-total
21 Smith A., Raven R. 2012 What is protective space? Reconsidering niches in transitions to sustainability Research Policy 463 66 top-cited-total
22 Geels F.W. 2010 Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective Research Policy 463 51 top-cited-total
23 Shove E., Walker G. 2007 CAUTION! Transitions ahead: Politics, practice, and sustainable transition management Environment and Planning A 461 38 top-cited-total
24 Markard J., Truffer B. 2008 Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework Research Policy 448 41 top-cited-total
25 Jacobsson S., Bergek A. 2004 Transforming the energy sector: The evolution of technological systems in renewable energy technology Industrial and Corporate Change 370 25 top-cited-total
26 Coenen L., Benneworth P., Truffer B. 2012 Toward a spatial perspective on sustainability transitions Research Policy 352 50 top-cited-total
27 Shove E., Walker G. 2010 Governing transitions in the sustainability of everyday life Research Policy 322 36 top-cited-total
28 Verbong G., Geels F. 2007 The ongoing energy transition: Lessons from a socio-technical, multi-level analysis of the Dutch electricity system (1960-2004) Energy Policy 322 27 top-cited-total
29 Bulkeley H., Castán Broto V. 2013 Government by experiment? Global cities and the governing of climate change Transactions of the Institute of British Geogra… 307 51 top-cited-annual
30 Sovacool B.K. 2016 How long will it take? Conceptualizing the temporal dynamics of energy transitions Energy Research and Social Science 137 46 top-cited-annual
31 Geels F.W., Kern F., Fuchs G., Hinderer N., Kungl G., Mylan J., Neukirch M., Wassermann S. 2016 The enactment of socio-technical transition pathways: A reformulated typology and a comparative multi-level analysis of the German and UK low-carbon electricity transitions (1990-2014) Research Policy 136 45 top-cited-annual
32 Seyfang G., Haxeltine A. 2012 Growing grassroots innovations: Exploring the role of community-based initiatives in governing sustainable energy transitions Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 308 44 top-cited-annual
33 Kivimaa P., Kern F. 2016 Creative destruction or mere niche support? Innovation policy mixes for sustainability transitions Research Policy 120 40 top-cited-annual
34 Sorrell S. 2015 Reducing energy demand: A review of issues, challenges and approaches Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 153 38 top-cited-annual
35 Hansen T., Coenen L. 2015 The geography of sustainability transitions: Review, synthesis and reflections on an emergent research field Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 150 38 top-cited-annual
36 Rogge K.S., Reichardt K. 2016 Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis Research Policy 108 36 top-cited-annual
37 Hodson M., Marvin S. 2010 Can cities shape socio-technical transitions and how would we know if they were? Research Policy 313 35 top-cited-annual
38 Geels F.W. 2012 A socio-technical analysis of low-carbon transitions: introducing the multi-level perspective into transport studies Journal of Transport Geography 240 34 top-cited-annual
39 Stirling A. 2014 Transforming power: Social science and the politics of energy choices Energy Research and Social Science 170 34 top-cited-annual
40 Nevens F., Frantzeskaki N., Gorissen L., Loorbach D. 2013 Urban Transition Labs: Co-creating transformative action for sustainable cities Journal of Cleaner Production 194 32 top-cited-annual
41 Meadowcroft J. 2009 What about the politics? Sustainable development, transition management, and long term energy transitions Policy Sciences 318 32 top-cited-annual
42 Smith A., Stirling A. 2010 The politics of social-ecological resilience and sustainable socio-technical transitions Ecology and Society 274 30 top-cited-annual
43 Fuenfschilling L., Truffer B. 2014 The structuration of socio-technical regimes - Conceptual foundations from institutional theory Research Policy 147 29 top-cited-annual
44 Weber K.M., Rohracher H. 2012 Legitimizing research, technology and innovation policies for transformative change: Combining insights from innovation systems and multi-level perspective in a comprehensive ‘failures’ framework Research Policy 202 29 top-cited-annual
45 Truffer B., Coenen L. 2012 Environmental Innovation and Sustainability Transitions in Regional Studies Regional Studies 199 28 top-cited-annual
46 Hargreaves T., Hielscher S., Seyfang G., Smith A. 2013 Grassroots innovations in community energy: The role of intermediaries in niche development Global Environmental Change 161 27 top-cited-annual
47 Lawhon M., Murphy J.T. 2012 Socio-technical regimes and sustainability transitions: Insights from political ecology Progress in Human Geography 181 26 top-cited-annual
48 Loorbach D., Rotmans J. 2010 The practice of transition management: Examples and lessons from four distinct cases Futures 227 25 top-cited-annual
49 Turnheim B., Berkhout F., Geels F., Hof A., McMeekin A., Nykvist B., van Vuuren D. 2015 Evaluating sustainability transitions pathways: Bridging analytical approaches to address governance challenges Global Environmental Change 96 24 top-cited-annual
50 Rutherford J., Coutard O. 2014 Urban Energy Transitions: Places, Processes and Politics of Socio-technical Change Urban Studies 118 24 top-cited-annual
51 Kemp R., Loorbach D., Rotmans J. 2007 Transition management as a model for managing processes of co-evolution towards sustainable development International Journal of Sustainable Developmen… 283 24 top-cited-annual

1.3 Publications

Note: The following tables refer to the documents in the main corpus. Generally, dgr refers to the degree, n to the number of publications. Subscript .f indicates the number is fractionalized (divided by the number of elements per publication)

Authors
Journals
Institutions
countries
Keywords
AU n.f SO n C n.f C_CN n.f DE n
Geels F 33 Energy Policy 563 University of Sussex 157 United Kingdom 2605 innovation 709
Bulkeley H 27 Research Policy 350 Lunds Universitet 146 United States 2427 climate change 442
Smith A 20 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 316 Wageningen University and Research Centre 144 Netherlands 1312 sustainability 407
Nelson R 18 Journal of Cleaner Production 240 Delft University of Technology 137 Germany 729 governance 317
Sovacool B 18 European Planning Studies 157 University of Manchester 132 Sweden 706 sustainable development 241
Shove E 17 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 155 Utrecht University 121 Australia 586 renewable energy 236
Stirling A 17 Sustainability (Switzerland) 144 Erasmus University Rotterdam 120 Canada 543 energy 172
Leydesdorff L 16 Energy Research and Social Science 142 Lancaster University 104 Italy 433 china 148
Funk J 16 Ecological Economics 141 Cardiff University 100 France 346 institutions 141
Hekkert M 16 Environment and Planning A 135 Aalborg Universitet 98 Denmark 338 resilience 139
Meadowcroft J 15 Ecology and Society 124 UCL 97 Norway 320 transition 136
Cooke P 15 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 121 University of East Anglia 96 Spain 290 entrepreneurship 132
Foxon T 15 Industrial and Corporate Change 120 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 94 Finland 264 technology 131
Raven R 14 Regional Studies 114 University of Cambridge 92 China 229 learning 129
Kemp R 14 Global Environmental Change 113 Linköpings universitet 84 Switzerland 216 technological change 126
Boschma R 14 Futures 101 Universitetet i Oslo 79 Austria 211 energy efficiency 125
Marvin S 12 Geoforum 101 University of Oxford 79 Japan 168 innovation policy 123
Brown R 12 Environment and Planning C: Government and… 100 University of Amsterdam 78 Belgium 163 transition management 116
Frenken K 12 Science and Public Policy 97 University of Edinburgh 76 South Korea 128 policy 115
Malerba F 12 Technovation 96 Chalmers University of Technology 75 Taiwan 100 energy transition 109

1.4 References cited

Note: The following tables refer to the cited references within the corpus. Number of citation always refers to the citations recieved by the documents in the main corpus.

## Number of unique references cited by the final corpus:  26713  (after removing references cited less than 2 times)

This appears to be rather low, only slightly more than 2x more than publications. However, the original number is way higher (ca 200.000), but after excluding (NW based) unconnected or marginally connected references, it drops substantially. This is an indicator that many of the references are cited very few times in the corpus, and the resulting ones represents a somewhat common core.

Authors
Journals
References
AU TC.f n.f TC_n SO TC n TC_n SR TC
Geels F 4240 47 73 Research Policy 16728 567 30 Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory… 1672
Nelson R 2479 78 30 Energy Policy 9430 631 15 Lundvall B (1993) National Systems of In… 1069
Winter S 2415 34 52 Administrative Science Quarterly 5162 239 22 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 932
Lundvall B 2238 44 44 Strategic Management Journal 5069 317 16 Dosi G (1982) Research Policy 861
Kemp R 1916 42 48 Academy of Management Review 3666 201 18 Schumpeter J (1934) Theory of Economic Dev… 706
Dosi G 1797 36 30 Regional Studies 3420 215 16 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 688
Freeman C 1753 40 46 Organization Science 3407 217 16 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis an… 653
Porter M 1746 36 42 Industrial and Corporate Change 3125 184 17 Nelson R (1993) National Innovation Sy… 651
Latour B 1728 44 38 Environment and Planning A 2811 203 14 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) In: Rayner, S., Malone… 617
Shove E 1687 39 40 Academy of Management Journal 2724 191 14 Yin R (1984) Case Study Research: D… 616
Smith A 1546 36 43 American Economic Review 2536 110 23 Arthur B (1989) Economics Journal 590
Schumpeter J 1539 20 77 Technological Forecasting and So… 2410 108 22 Rogers E (1996) The Diffusion of Innov… 586
Schot J 1374 19 78 Global Environmental Change 2399 145 17 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Admin. Sci. Quart. 577
Rosenberg N 1357 37 33 Futures 2200 112 20 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 544
Giddens A 1255 18 68 Progress in Human Geography 2184 128 17 David P (1985) American Economic Review 537
Hughes T 1213 18 60 Ecology and Society 2170 124 18 Porter M (1990) The Competitive Advant… 527
Cooke P 1184 51 28 Journal of Economic Geography 2160 99 22 Schumpeter J (1934) Capitalism, Socialism,… 519
Edquist C 1171 21 46 American Journal of Sociology 2132 94 23 Freeman C (1987) Technology Policy and … 517
David P 1116 34 29 Ecological Economics 1918 137 14 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 505
Rotmans J 1106 29 40 Management Science 1843 127 15 Henderson R & Clark K (1990) Administrative Science… 504

2 Topic modelling

I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 10 topics (some different numbers of topics to generate shows that 10 result in good results, more topics lead to too much overlap between them)

2.1 Topics by topwords

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier.

2.2 Topics over time

Here, we see quite a shift in the discourse over time.

2.3 LDAViz

Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the LDAVIz methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The \(\lambda\) parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High \(\lambda\) order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low \(\lambda\) emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. Since it would be here a bit condensed, better check it out HERE in fullscreen for a better overview.

3 Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis

Note: This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab Technical descriptionfor additional explanations

3.1 Knowledge Bases summary

3.1.1 Main Indicators

In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a community detection technique based on the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from.

We identify 10 communities of varyying size.

3.1.2 Development of Knowledge Bases

Lets do a first attempt to categorize them. Notice the tabs for details.

3.2 Detailed look at the knowledge bases

3.2.1 Knowledge base 1

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 01: Classic Innovation Studies"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Winter S 104 Research Policy 153 Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory… 63
Tushman M 64 Strategic Management Journal 125 Dosi G (1982) Research Policy 33
Dosi G 63 Administrative Science Quarterly 119 Henderson R & Clark K (1990) Administrative Science… 28
Utterback J 61 An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change 63 Tushman M & Anderson P (1986) Administrative Science… 27
Clark K 52 Organization Science 52 Schumpeter J (1934) Theory of Economic Dev… 25
March J 52 Industrial and Corporate Change 47 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Admin. Sci. Quart. 22
Levinthal D 52 American Economic Review 44 Utterback J (1994) Mastering the Dynamics… 19
Schumpeter J 49 Management Science 32 Schumpeter J (1934) Capitalism, Socialism,… 19
Nelson R 48 Academy of Management Review 32 Abernathy W & Utterback J (1978) Technology Review 18
Anderson P 46 Admin. Sci. Quart. 25 Arthur B (1989) Economics Journal 18

3.2.2 Knowledge base 2

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 02: Territorial Innovation Systems"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Lundvall B 79 Regional Studies 100 Lundvall B (1993) National Systems of In… 38
Boschma R 73 Research Policy 86 Nelson R (1993) National Innovation Sy… 22
Cooke P 63 Journal of Economic Geography 84 Porter M (1990) The Competitive Advant… 22
Maskell P 62 Economic Geography 45 Bathelt H et al. (2004) Progress in Human Geog… 21
Malmberg A 56 Progress in Human Geography 43 Freeman C (1987) Technology Policy and … 17
Asheim B 53 National Systems of Innovation. 38 Boschma R (2005) Regional Studies 17
Martin R 41 European Planning Studies 32 Saxenian A (1996) Regional Advantage: Cu… 16
Storper M 41 Cambridge Journal of Economics 28 Storper M (1997) The Regional World 14
Gertler M 37 Industrial and Corporate Change 26 Marshall A (1920) Principles of Economic… 14
Bathelt H 35 The Oxford Handbook of Innovation 24 Edquist C (1997) Systems of Innovation:… 13

3.2.3 Knowledge base 3

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 03: Transition studies and transition management"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Geels F 155 Research Policy 178 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 29
Kemp R 101 Energy Policy 127 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 22
Schot J 90 Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 42 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis an… 21
Smith A 75 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 41 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) In: Rayner, S., Malone… 19
Rotmans J 58 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 32 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 17
Truffer B 50 Futures 25 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 17
Raven R 49 In: Rayner, S., Malone, E.L. (Eds), Human … 19 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 15
Jacobsson S 44 Foresight 18 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 14
Loorbach D 39 Policy Sciences 17 Hekkert M et al. (2007) Technological Forecast… 11
Hoogma R 38 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 17 Shove E & Walker G (2007) Environment and Planni… 10

This appears to be the sustainable transitions internal knowledge base. Notice that it seems to be rather young, almost no central references pre-2000

3.2.4 Knowledge base 4

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 04: Sociology & practice"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Shove E 47 Journal of Consumer Culture 23 Reckwitz A (2002) European Journal of So… 13
Latour B 24 European Journal of Social Theory 14 Shove E (2003) Comfort, Cleanliness a… 11
Schatzki T 24 Comfort, Cleanliness and Convenience: The … 11 Warde A (2005) Journal of Consumer Cu… 9
Bijker W 17 Environment and Planning A 9 Schatzki T (1996) Social Practices: A Wi… 7
Hughes T 16 The Social Construction of Technological S… 8 Hughes T (1983) Networks of Power, Ele… 7
Reckwitz A 15 Social Practices: A Wittgensteinian approa… 7 Schatzki T (2002) The Site of the Social… 6
Pantzar M 13 Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studi… 7 Shove E (2010) Environment and Planni… 6
Pinch T 13 Networks of Power, Electrification in West… 7 Shove E et al. (2012) The Dynamics of Social… 6
Warde A 12 The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory 6 Giddens A (1984) The Constitution of So… 6
Watson M 11 The Site of the Social: A philosophical ac… 6 Shove E & Pantzar M (2005) Journal of Consumer Cu… 5

3.2.5 Knowledge base 5

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 05: Political geography &  ecology"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Bulkeley H 36 Progress in Human Geography 16 Robbins P (2004) Political Ecology: A C… 6
Betsill M 20 Geoforum 11 Raymond B & Bailey S (1997) Third World Political … 5
Swyngedouw E 20 Antipode 10 Forsyth T (2003) Critical Political Eco… 5
Robbins P 11 Environment and Planning A 9 Peet R & Watts M (2004) Liberation Ecologies: … 5
Blaikie P 11 Local Environ 8 Blaikie P & Brookfield H (1987) Land Degradation and S… 4
Watts M 10 Annals of the Association of American Geog… 7 Bulkeley H & Betsill M (2003) Cities and Climate Cha… 4
Heynen N 8 Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Develop… 6 Blaikie P (1985) The Political Economy … 4
Harvey D 7 Global Environmental Politics 6 Swyngedouw E & Heynen N (2003) Antipode 4
Peet R 6 Political Geography 6 Bulkeley H (2005) Polit. Geogr 3
Brenner N 6 Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction 6 Betsill M & Bulkeley H (2008) Local Environment 3

3.2.6 Knowledge base 6

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 06: Political sciences, public policy"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Rhodes R 12 Public Administration 6 Kickert W et al. (1997) Managing Complex Netwo… 5
Howlett M 11 Public Administration Review 6 Kingdon J (1995) Agendas, Alternatives … 4
Koppenjan J 10 Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for … 5 Hajer M (1995) The Politics of Enviro… 4
Klijn E 10 Political Studies 5 Kooiman J (1993) Modern Governance: New… 3
Wynne B 9 Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies 4 Koppenjan J & Klijn H (2004) Managing Uncertainties… 3
Stirling A 7 The Politics of Environmental Discourse 4 Rhodes R (2001) Understanding Governan… 3
Scharpf F 6 Modern Governance: New Government-society … 3 Pierre J & Peters G (2000) Governance, politics a… 3
Pierre J 6 Journal of Public Administration Research … 3 Stirling A (2008) Science Technology and… 3
Hajer M 6 Global Environmental Change 3 Lindblom C (1959) Public Administration … 2
Kooiman J 6 Managing Uncertainties In Networks: A Netw… 3 Marsh D & Rhodes R (1992) Policy Networks in Bri… 2

3.2.7 Knowledge base 7

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 07: Ecological economics"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Rennings K 14 Ecological Economics 15 Rennings K (2000) Ecological Economics 4
Jaffe A 10 Journal of Environmental Economics and Man… 7 Porter M & Van Der Linde C (1995) Journal of Economic Pe… 4
Riahi K 9 Ecol. Econ. 6 Horbach J (2008) Res. Policy 3
Horbach J 8 Res. Policy 5 Brunnermier S & Cohen M (2003) Journal of Environment… 2
Stavins R 8 Journal of Economic Perspectives 5 Brundtland G (1987) Our Common Future: Rep… 2
Newell R 7 Research Policy 5 Jaffe A & Palmer K (1997) Review of Economics an… 2
Popp D 7 Environmental and Resource Economics 5 Jaffe A et al. (2002) Environmental and Reso… 2
Edmonds J 6 Nature 4 Kemp R (1997) Environmental Polity a… 2
Porter M 6 Clim. Change 4 Horbach J et al. (2012) Ecol. Econ. 2
Kriegler E 6 Energy Policy 4 NA (1996) Climate Change 1995: T… 2

3.2.8 Knowledge base 8

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 08: Natural/sustainability sciences"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Folke C 61 Ecology and Society 48 Folke C et al. (2005) Annual Review of Envir… 8
Carpenter S 31 Global Environmental Change 24 NA (2002) Understanding transfor… 8
Olsson P 31 Science 12 Olsson P et al. (2006) Ecology and Society 6
Walker B 30 Annual Review of Environment and Resources 12 Folke C (2006) Global Environmental C… 6
Holling C 28 Understanding transformations in human and… 8 NA (2003) Navigating social-ecol… 6
Gunderson L 16 Nature 7 Walker B et al. (2004) Ecology and Society 6
Ostrom E 16 Navigating social-ecological systems: Buil… 6 Holling C (1973) Annual Review of Ecolo… 5
Berkes F 14 Ecosystems 6 Lebel L et al. (2006) Ecology and Society 4
Adger W 14 Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5 Folke C et al. (2010) Ecology and Society 4
Hahn T 13 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci… 4 Rockstrom J et al. (2009) Nature 3

3.2.9 Knowledge base 9

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 09: Organizational studies, management"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
DiMaggio P 30 Academy of Management Journal 51 DiMaggio P & Powell W (1983) American Sociological … 14
Scott W 26 Administrative Science Quarterly 35 Meyer J & Rowan B (1977) American Journal of So… 13
Greenwood R 26 Academy of Management Review 35 Scott W (1995) Institutions and Organ… 12
Suddaby R 26 American Journal of Sociology 27 Friedland R & Alford R (1991) The New Institutionali… 9
Powell W 23 American Sociological Review 23 Berger P & Luckmann T (1967) The Social Constructio… 7
Lounsbury M 22 Organization Studies 20 DiMaggio P (1988) Institutional patterns… 7
Lawrence T 21 The New Institutionalism in Organizational… 16 Oliver C (1991) Academy of Management … 6
Thornton P 19 Institutions and Organizations 12 Lawrence T & Suddaby R (2006) The Sage Handbook of O… 6
Meyer J 17 Organization Science 12 Suchman M (1995) Academy of Management … 6
Hinings C 15 Organizational Institutionalism 7 Seo M & Creed W (2002) Academy of Management … 6

Institutional Sociology

3.2.10 Knowledge base 10

## [1] "Knowledge Base: 10: Entrepreneurship"
Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Shane S 27 Journal of Business Venturing 27 Shane S & Venkataraman S (2000) Academy of Management … 11
Venkataraman S 22 Academy of Management Review 14 Shane S (2000) Organization Science 9
Kirzner I 15 Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 13 Venkataraman S (1997) Advances in Entreprene… 7
Gartner W 13 Academy of Management Review. 11 Kirzner I (1973) Competition and Entrep… 6
Aldrich H 10 Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergen… 9 Kirzner I (1997) Journal of Economic Li… 6
Davidsson P 10 Organization Science 9 Knight F (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and … 5
Sarasvathy S 8 Journal of Management 7 Sarasvathy S (2001) Academy of Management … 4
Reynolds P 6 Competition and Entrepreneurship 6 Gartner W (1988) American Journal of Sm… 4
Barney J 6 Journal of Economic Literature 6 Aldrich H (1999) Organizations Evolving 4
Knight F 5 Risk, Uncertainty and Profit 5 Hayek F (1945) American Economic Review 4

Entrepreneurship

3.3 Technical description

In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair \(m\) and \(n\) (\(s_{m,n}^{coc}\)) is expressed by the number of publications \(C\) which are jointly citing reference \(m\) and \(n\).

\[s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}\]

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.

4 Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature’s current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure uses bibliographical information of publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab Technical description. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

4.1 Research Areas main summary

4.1.1 Main Characteristics

To identify communities in the field’s knowledge frontier (labeled research areas) we again use the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

Again, I made a very provisional attempt to name them. Has to be revised by someone that spends more time on that and knows it better.

4.1.2 Development

We again see quite some dynamics….

4.1.3 Connectivity between the research areas

We see that…

4.2 Research Areas in detail

Lets again classify them one-by-one. Brief reminder: Centrality in a bibliographic coupling network == representativeness != importance. Therefore, the central articles should be appropriate to characterize the kind of work done in the community, but are not necessarily the most important or influencial ones.

4.2.1 Research Area 1

4.2.1.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 01: Sustainability transition"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Geels F 1892 Energy Policy 3770 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 3083 sustainability 2657 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 334
Raven R 1497 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 3131 University of Sussex 2734 multi-level perspective 2242 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 259
Smith A 1184 Research Policy 2262 Delft University of Technology 1503 transition management 2171 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 255
Truffer B 887 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 2170 Utrecht University 1440 transition 2166 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 250
Hekkert M 705 Journal of Cleaner Production 1956 Erasmus University Rotterdam 1424 transitions 2163 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 194
Kemp R 692 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 1733 Wageningen University and Research Centre 1306 sustainability transitions 1942 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 186
Foxon T 676 Energy Research and Social Science 988 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science… 1013 innovation 1891 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 170
Brown R 603 Global Environmental Change 795 University of East Anglia 1010 strategic niche management 1715 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 170
Verbong G 571 Futures 689 University of Leeds 900 renewable energy 1392 Geels F (2002) Res. Policy 156
Rotmans J 563 Environment and Planning A 670 Cardiff University 886 governance 1365 Geels F (2005) Technological Transitions and System Innov… 123

4.2.1.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Genus A & Coles A 2008 Rethinking the multi-level perspective of technological transitions Research Policy 77.730
Geels F 2005 Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: Refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective Technological Forecasting and Social Change 75.252
Meelen T & Farla J 2013 Towards an integrated framework for analysing sustainable innovation policy Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 71.830
Ingram J et al. 2015 Interactions between Niche and Regime: An Analysis of Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture across Europe Journal of Agricultural Education and Exte… 71.421
Mazur C et al. 2015 Assessing and comparing German and UK transition policies for electric mobility Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 70.999
Murphy J & Smith A 2013 Understanding transition-periphery dynamics: Renewable energy in the highlands and Islands of Scotland Environment and Planning A 70.167
Ingram J 2015 Framing niche-regime linkage as adaptation: An analysis of learning and innovation networks for sustainable agriculture across Europe Journal of Rural Studies 70.152
Smith A & Stirling A 2010 The politics of social-ecological resilience and sustainable socio-technical transitions Ecology and Society 69.359
Lachman D 2013 A survey and review of approaches to study transitions Energy Policy 69.233
Scrase I & Smith A 2009 The (non-)politics of managing low carbon socio-technical transitions Environmental Politics 68.006

4.2.1.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.2 Research Area 2

4.2.2.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 02: Resilience & governance"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Bulkeley H 239 Ecology and Society 843 Wageningen University and Research Centre 427 climate change 980 NA (1987) Our Common Future 77
Klijn E 165 Geoforum 429 University of East Anglia 395 governance 926 Folke C et al. (2005) Annual Review of Environment and Resources 75
Folke C 163 Global Environmental Change 379 Stockholms universitet 385 resilience 716 Blaikie P & Brookfield H (1987) Land Degradation and Society 70
Pahl-Wostl C 118 Environment and Planning C: Government and… 286 University of Durham 314 political ecology 637 Bryant R & Bailey S (1997) Third World Political Ecology 67
Edelenbos J 112 Energy Policy 253 Erasmus University Rotterdam 299 sustainability 568 Olsson P et al. (2006) Ecology and Society 63
Olsson P 107 Environment and Planning A 252 Arizona State University 286 sustainable development 396 Bulkeley H (2005) Political Geography 62
Torfing J 106 Local Environment 238 University of Oxford 204 adaptive governance 335 Kates R et al. (2001) Science 62
Wiek A 89 Progress in Human Geography 221 Roskilde University 165 adaptation 313 Folke C (2006) Global Environmental Change 60
Sorensen E 88 Ecological Economics 184 UCL 165 social-ecological systems 245 Rockstrom J et al. (2009) Nature 58
Carpenter S 75 Journal of Cleaner Production 184 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 164 adaptive capacity 222 Walker B et al. (2004) Ecology and Society 58

4.2.2.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Lauer M et al. 2013 Globalization, Pacific Islands, and the paradox of resilience Global Environmental Change 22.473
Redman C 2014 Should sustainability and resilience be combined or remain distinct pursuits? Ecology and Society 20.237
Gunderson L & Light S 2006 Adaptive management and adaptive governance in the everglades ecosystem Policy Sciences 19.534
Termeer C et al. 2010 Disentangling scale approaches in governance research: Comparing monocentric, multilevel, and adaptive governance Ecology and Society 19.512
Mitchell M et al. 2014 Applying Resilience Thinking to Natural Resource Management through a "“Planning-By-Doing”" Framework Society and Natural Resources 19.222
Bulkeley H & Betsill M 2013 Revisiting the urban politics of climate change Environmental Politics 19.112
Folke C et al. 2010 Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability Ecology and Society 19.018
Bulkeley H 2010 Cities and the governing of climate change Annual Review of Environment and Resources 18.166
Santos F & Partidario M 2011 SPARK: Strategic planning approach for resilience keeping European Planning Studies 18.149
Chaffin B et al. 2014 A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: Synthesis and future directions Ecology and Society 17.933

4.2.2.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.3 Research Area 3

4.2.3.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 03: Innovation & technological change"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Nelson R 628 Research Policy 4007 University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School 1332 innovation 5477 Nelson R & Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change 557
Malerba F 532 Industrial and Corporate Change 2007 University of Sussex 936 entrepreneurship 1630 Dosi G (1982) Research Policy 307
Funk J 421 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 1905 Harvard Business School 876 technological change 1525 Henderson R & Clark K (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly 228
Dosi G 402 Technovation 1483 Università Bocconi 799 technology 974 Tushman M & Anderson P (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly 225
Winter S 392 Organization Science 1271 University of Manchester 765 radical innovation 737 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly 195
Garud R 389 Strategic Management Journal 1251 Utrecht University 687 evolutionary economics 721 Teece D et al. (1997) Strategic Management Journal 167
Hall J 346 Management Science 879 Columbia University in the City of New York 672 lock-in 705 Abernathy W & Utterback J (1978) Technology Review 163
Leydesdorff L 337 Journal of Evolutionary Economics 859 Rotterdam School of Management 652 evolution 659 Anderson P & Tushman M (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly 156
Orsenigo L 318 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 747 Delft University of Technology 621 learning 650 Utterback J (1994) Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation 154
Shane S 314 Small Business Economics 634 Aalto University 594 organizational learning 645 David P (1985) American Economic Review 145

4.2.3.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Levitas E et al. 2006 Survival and the introduction of new technology: A patent analysis in the integrated circuit industry Journal of Engineering and Technology Mana… 69.205
Funk J 2003 Standards, dominant designs and preferential acquisition of complementary assets through slight information advantages Research Policy 67.597
Wu X et al. 2009 Accelerating secondary innovation through organizational learning: A case study and theoretical analysis Industry and Innovation 67.332
Martikainen O 2006 Complementarities creating substitutes - Possible paths towards 3G, WLAN/ WiMAX and ad hoc networks Info 64.262
Tripsas M 2008 Customer preference discontinuities: A trigger for radical technological change Managerial and Decision Economics 63.644
Afuah A & Tucci C 2003 A model of the internet as creative destroyer IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 63.281
Hall J & Kerr R 2003 Innovation dynamics and environmental technologies: The emergence of fuel cell technology Journal of Cleaner Production 63.003
Gallagher S 2007 The complementary role of dominant designs and industry standards IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 62.084
Hill C & Rothaermel F 2003 The performance of incumbent firms in the face of radical technological innovation Academy of Management Review 60.688
Pisano G 2006 Profiting from innovation and the intellectual property revolution Research Policy 60.392

4.2.3.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.4 Research Area 4

4.2.4.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 04: Economic geography"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Todtling F 690 Research Policy 3234 Lunds Universitet 2867 innovation 4159 Lundvall B (1992) National Systems of Innovation: Towards a … 234
Boschma R 659 European Planning Studies 2530 Utrecht University 1264 innovation policy 1387 Porter M (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 214
Asheim B 645 Regional Studies 1753 Aalborg Universitet 1012 innovation systems 1285 Nelson R & Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change 184
Leydesdorff L 578 Technovation 1098 Wirtschaftsuniversitat Wien 878 clusters 1081 Bathelt H et al. (2004) Progress in Human Geography 181
Coenen L 578 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 899 Universitetet i Oslo 831 innovation system 1063 Nelson R (1993) National Innovation Systems: A Comparative… 164
Lundvall B 490 Industry and Innovation 851 University of Sussex 828 institutions 957 Freeman C (1987) Technology Policy and Economic Performance… 156
Fagerberg J 418 Journal of Economic Geography 774 Alliance Manchester Business School 657 learning 778 Edquist C (1997) Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Insti… 149
Smits R 406 Science and Public Policy 734 University of Toronto 628 networks 685 Boschma R (2005) Regional Studies 145
Hekkert M 383 Energy Policy 707 Università Bocconi 547 china 650 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly 141
Grillitsch M 382 Industrial and Corporate Change 522 University of Manchester 518 regional innovation systems 639 Saxenian A (1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competitio… 125

4.2.4.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Fagerberg J & Sapprasert K 2011 National innovation systems: The emergence of a new approach Science and Public Policy 78.732
Kyrgiafini L & Sefertzi E 2003 Changing regional systems of innovation in Greece: The impact of regional innovation strategy initiatives in peripheral areas of Europe European Planning Studies 67.462
Uriona-Maldonado M et al. 2012 State of the art on the Systems of Innovation research: A bibliometrics study up to 2009 Scientometrics 67.405
Malerba F & Mani S 2009 Sectoral systems of innovation and production in developing countries: An introduction Sectoral Systems of Innovation and Product… 64.976
Buesa M et al. 2006 Regional systems of innovation and the knowledge production function: The Spanish case Technovation 62.414
Zhu D & Tann J 2005 A regional innovation system in a small-sized region: A clustering model in Zhongguancun Science Park Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 62.314
Ghazinoory S & Ghazinoori S 2006 Developing Iran’s government strategies for strengthening the national system of innovation using SWOT analysis Science and Public Policy 61.914
Evangelista R et al. 2002 Looking for regional systems of innovation: Evidence from the Italian innovation survey Regional Studies 60.725
Lundvall B 2007 National innovation systems: From list to freeman Elgar Companion to Neo-Schumpeterian Econo… 59.622
Arocena R & Sutz J 2003 Inequality and innovation as seen from the South Technology in Society 59.010

4.2.4.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.5 Research Area 5

4.2.5.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 05: consumption & social practices"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Shove E 387 Journal of Consumer Culture 493 Lancaster University 562 practice theory 1053 Reckwitz A (2002) European Journal of Social Theory 176
Strengers Y 308 Energy Research and Social Science 381 RMIT University 512 sustainable consumption 749 Warde A (2005) Journal of Consumer Culture 137
Maller C 268 Energy Policy 376 University of Manchester 500 social practices 508 Shove E (2003) Comfort, Cleanliness and Convenience: The … 101
Gram-Hanssen K 218 Building Research and Information 291 Aalborg Universitet 393 social practice theory 433 Schatzki T (1996) Social Practices: A Wittgensteinian Approa… 87
Halkier B 168 Journal of Cleaner Production 219 University of East Anglia 274 consumption 413 Shove E & Pantzar M (2005) Journal of Consumer Culture 87
Watson M 154 Environment and Planning A 178 University of Sheffield 250 social practice 360 Shove E (2010) Environment and Planning A 71
Spaargaren G 152 Sustainable Practices: Social Theory and C… 161 UCL 220 practice 347 Giddens A (1984) The Constitution of Society 56
Ropke I 145 Global Environmental Change 144 Wageningen University and Research Centre 220 sustainability 337 Schatzki T (2002) The Site of the Social: A Philosophical Ac… 52
Hargreaves T 130 ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interac… 123 Roskilde University 178 climate change 322 Stern P (2000) Journal of Social Issues 47
Warde A 122 International Journal of Consumer Studies 123 University of Exeter 152 everyday life 299 Shove E et al. (2012) The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday … 46

4.2.5.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Gram-Hanssen K 2011 Understanding change and continuity in residential energy consumption Journal of Consumer Culture 40.613
Shove E & Spurling N 2013 Sustainable practices: Social theory and climate change Sustainable Practices: Social Theory and C… 39.413
Hargreaves T 2011 Practice-ing behaviour change: Applying social practice theory to pro-environmental behaviour change Journal of Consumer Culture 36.730
Mylan J 2015 Understanding the diffusion of Sustainable Product-Service Systems: Insights from the sociology of consumption and practice theory Journal of Cleaner Production 35.821
Foulds C et al. 2013 Investigating the performance of everyday domestic practices using building monitoring Building Research and Information 35.815
Maller C 2015 Understanding health through social practices: Performance and materiality in everyday life Sociology of Health and Illness 35.501
Jaeger-Erben M & Offenberger U 2014 A practice theory approach to sustainable consumption GAIA 34.739
Gram-Hanssen K 2010 Residential heat comfort practices: Understanding users Building Research and Information 34.716
Gram-Hanssen K 2010 Standby consumption in households analyzed with a practice theory approach Journal of Industrial Ecology 34.193
Bartiaux F et al. 2014 A practice-theory approach to homeowners’ energy retrofits in four European areas Building Research and Information 34.108

4.2.5.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.6 Research Area 6

4.2.6.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 06: Climate change studies"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Mendelsohn R 116 Climatic Change 326 International Institute for Applied System… 151 climate change 322 Wigley T et al. (1996) Nature 49
Schlesinger M 97 Geophysical Research Letters 146 University of California, Berkeley 148 climate policy 122 Nordhaus W (1994) Managing the Global Commons: The Economics… 28
Jacoby H 73 Energy Policy 144 Stanford University 136 greenhouse gases 73 Cline W (1992) The Economics of Global Warming 25
Stone P 73 Energy Economics 116 Potsdam Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung 127 global warming 69 Schneider S & Goulder L (1997) Nature 22
Riahi K 71 Environmental and Resource Economics 104 National Center for Atmospheric Research 118 technological change 59 Grubb M (1997) Energy Policy 19
Kammen D 70 Environmental Modeling and Assessment 99 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 95 mitigation 57 Meinshausen M et al. (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17
Edmonds J 60 Nature 98 Carnegie Mellon University 91 equity 54 NA (1996) Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social D… 17
Howarth R 59 Ecological Economics 95 University of Illinois 89 asymmetric information 53 Grubb M et al. (1995) Energy Policy 16
Schneider S 58 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 74 Yale University 80 pollution control 53 Goulder L & Mathai K (2000) Journal of Environmental Economics and Man… 14
Kriegler E 58 Science 73 Princeton University 78 energy efficiency 52 Manne A & Richels R (1992) Buying Greenhouse Insurance: The Economic … 14

4.2.6.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Parson E & Keith D 1998 Fossil fuels without CO2 emissions Science 29.155
Hanaoka T et al. 2009 The role of energy intensity improvement in the AR4 GHG stabilization scenarios Energy Efficiency 28.817
Reilly J et al. 2001 Climate change: Uncertainty and climate change assessments Science 27.864
Leiby P & Rubin J 2001 Intertemporal permit trading for the control of greenhouse gas emissions Environmental and Resource Economics 27.824
Mori S 2000 The development of greenhouse gas emissions scenarios using an extension of the MARIA model for the assessment of resource and energy technologies Technological Forecasting and Social Change 27.728
Lecocq F et al. 1998 Decision making under uncertainty and inertia constraints: Sectoral implications of the when flexibility Energy Economics 27.612
Trenberth K 2001 Stronger evidence of human influences on climate: The 2001 IPCC assessment Environment 27.192
Manne A & Richels R 2001 An alternative approach to establishing trade-offs among greenhouse gases Nature 26.818
Schmalensee R et al. 1998 World carbon dioxide emissions: 1950-2050 Review of Economics and Statistics 26.722
Reichert B et al. 2002 Global ocean warming tied to anthropogenic forcing Geophysical Research Letters 26.699

4.2.6.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.7 Research Area 7

4.2.7.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "Research Area: 07: Institutional theory & organizations"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Lawrence T 115 Organization Studies 403 University of Alberta 259 institutional theory 693 Meyer J & Rowan B (1977) American Journal of Sociology 119
Leca B 94 Journal of Management Inquiry 192 Cardiff University 130 institutional logics 375 DiMaggio P & Powell W (1983) American Sociological Review 99
Phillips N 87 Academy of Management Journal 185 University of Cambridge, Judge Business Sc… 124 institutional entrepreneurship 332 Friedland R & Alford R (1991) The New Institutionalism in Organizational… 66
Suddaby R 83 Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in I… 152 McGill University 123 institutional change 330 Oliver C (1991) Academy of Management Review 65
Washington M 80 Academy of Management Review 130 Simon Fraser University 111 institutional work 233 Suchman M (1995) Academy of Management Review 63
Delbridge R 65 Journal of Business Venturing 125 The University of Warwick 101 institutions 169 Barley S & Tolbert P (1997) Organization Studies 61
Battilana J 63 Journal of Management Studies 115 Imperial College London 97 legitimacy 147 Greenwood R et al. (2002) Academy of Management Journal 55
Van De Ven A 52 Organization Science 104 HEC Montréal 96 agency 100 Suddaby R & Greenwood R (2005) Administrative Science Quarterly 52
Zilber T 52 Organization 103 Copenhagen Business School 80 organizations 99 Zucker L (1977) American Sociological Review 52
Jarzabkowski P 52 Scandinavian Journal of Management 74 Hebrew University of Jerusalem 79 organizational change 99 Thornton P & Ocasio W (1999) American Journal of Sociology 49

4.2.7.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Zietsma C & McKnight B 2009 Building the Iron cage: Institutional creation work in the context of competing proto-institutions Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in I… 26.898
Koene B 2006 Situated human agency, institutional entrepreneurship and institutional change Journal of Organizational Change Management 26.838
Hinings B 2012 Connections between institutional logics and organizational culture Journal of Management Inquiry 25.609
Delbridge R & Edwards T 2007 Reflections on developments in institutional theory: Toward a relational approach Scandinavian Journal of Management 24.891
van Gestel N & Hillebrand B 2011 Explaining stability and change: The rise and fall of logics in pluralistic fields Organization Studies 24.381
Tracey P et al. 2011 Bridging institutional entrepreneurship and the creation of new organizational forms: A multilevel model Organization Science 24.166
Misangyi V et al. 2008 Ending corruption: The interplay among institutional logics, resources, and institutional entrepreneurs Academy of Management Review 23.519
Russell J 2011 From child’s garden to academic press: The role of shifting institutional logics in redefining kindergarten education American Educational Research Journal 23.424
Lawrence T et al. 2011 Institutional work: Refocusing institutional studies of organization Journal of Management Inquiry 23.420
Sminia H 2011 Institutional continuity and the dutch construction industry fiddle Organization Studies 23.174

4.2.7.3 Summary

TBD.

4.3 Technical description

In a bibliographic coupling network, the coupling-strength between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair \(i\) and \(j\) (\(s_{i,j}^{bib}\)) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references.

\[ s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} \]

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications’ bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either \(i\) or \(j\)). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

\[ S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} \]

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.

5 Zooming in the systainability transitions community

In the first scan it can clearly be seen, that the core of the sustainability transitions community resides in com1. So, lets zoom in a bit there and look at its internal structure. So, I did a second round of community detection inside com1 to identify the sub-communities within sustainability transitions. Lets see what we find.

5.1 ST Research Areas Main Summary

5.1.1 Main Characteristics

In this case, we find 6 ST internal communities.

5.1.2 Development

5.1.3 Topics

5.1.4 Knowledge Bases

5.1.5 Connectivity between the research areas

5.2 ST internal Research Areas in detail

5.2.1 Research Area 1

5.2.1.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "ST internal Research Area: 01: MLP"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Geels F 428 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 1030 University of Sussex 971 multi-level perspective 1227 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 273
Raven R 309 Energy Policy 884 Wageningen University and Research Centre 812 sustainability 1032 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 256
Truffer B 235 Journal of Cleaner Production 876 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 621 sustainability transitions 1026 Geels F (2002) Res. Policy 153
Smith A 195 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 694 Utrecht University 495 transition 915 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 128
Leeuwis C 185 Sustainability (Switzerland) 651 Cardiff University 462 transitions 873 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 126
Bulkeley H 185 Research Policy 637 Lunds Universitet 416 innovation 870 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Res. Policy 123
Verbong G 183 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 544 UCL 386 strategic niche management 665 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 103
Pearson P 154 Energy Research and Social Science 427 Delft University of Technology 346 governance 565 Smith A et al. (2010) Research Policy 94
Marvin S 149 Environment and Planning A 261 University of Manchester 335 energy transition 522 Shove E & Walker G (2007) Environment and Planning A 70
Wieczorek A 140 Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 243 Linköpings universitet 327 climate change 501 Geels F (2004) Res. Policy 61

5.2.1.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Ruby T 2015 Innovation-enabling policy and regime transformation towards increased energy efficiency: The case of the circulator pump industry in Europe Journal of Cleaner Production 57.873
Karltorp K & Sanden B 2012 Explaining regime destabilisation in the pulp and paper industry Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 56.148
Ramani S & Thutupalli A 2015 Emergence of controversy in technology transitions: Green Revolution and Bt cotton in India Technological Forecasting and Social Change 54.763
Coenen L & Truffer B 2012 Places and Spaces of Sustainability Transitions: Geographical Contributions to an Emerging Research and Policy Field European Planning Studies 53.676
Fuenfschilling L & Truffer B 2014 The structuration of socio-technical regimes - Conceptual foundations from institutional theory Research Policy 52.959
Schwanen T 2013 Sociotechnical transition in the transport system Moving Towards Low Carbon Mobility 52.836
Jorgensen U 2012 Mapping and navigating transitions - The multi-level perspective compared with arenas of development Research Policy 49.853
Essletzbichler J 2012 Renewable Energy Technology and Path Creation: A Multi-scalar Approach to Energy Transition in the UK European Planning Studies 48.619
Papachristos G 2011 A system dynamics model of socio-technical regime transitions Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 48.000
Slayton R & Spinardi G 2016 Radical innovation in scaling up: Boeing’s Dreamliner and the challenge of socio-technical transitions Technovation 47.874

5.2.1.3 Internal network structure

5.2.1.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.2 Research Area 2

5.2.2.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "ST internal Research Area: 02: SNM & TIS"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Geels F 527 Energy Policy 1293 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 1035 innovation 593 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 257
Raven R 471 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 734 Chalmers University of Technology 489 strategic niche management 558 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 144
Hekkert M 432 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 596 Utrecht University 433 sustainability 425 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 111
Jacobsson S 326 Research Policy 500 University of Sussex 429 renewable energy 407 Jacobsson S & Johnson A (2000) Energy Policy 97
Foxon T 307 Journal of Cleaner Production 306 Delft University of Technology 343 technological innovation systems 366 Unruh G (2002) Energy Policy 94
Truffer B 267 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 259 Lunds Universitet 312 transition 357 Jacobsson S & Bergek A (2004) Industrial and Corporate Change 83
Markard J 224 Technology in Society 140 Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Devel… 302 innovation policy 335 Hekkert M et al. (2007) Technological Forecasting and Social Change 73
Smith A 217 Energy Research and Social Science 133 Linköpings universitet 276 transition management 317 Bergek A et al. (2008) Research Policy 70
Verbong G 199 European Planning Studies 127 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science… 274 technological innovation system 314 Jacobsson S & Lauber V (2006) Energy Policy 69
Coenen L 191 Science and Public Policy 123 University of Leeds 237 policy 306 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 68

5.2.2.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Raven R 2007 Co-evolution of waste and electricity regimes: Multi-regime dynamics in the Netherlands (1969-2003) Energy Policy 38.890
Geels F 2005 Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: Refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective Technological Forecasting and Social Change 37.918
Geels F & Schot J 2007 Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways Research Policy 37.373
Sanden B & Hillman K 2011 A framework for analysis of multi-mode interaction among technologies with examples from the history of alternative transport fuels in Sweden Research Policy 36.613
Hillman K & Sanden B 2008 Exploring technology paths: The development of alternative transport fuels in Sweden 2007-2020 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 35.532
Brown J et al. 2007 An emerging market in fuel cells? Residential combined heat and power in four countries Energy Policy 35.414
Geels F 2006 Major system change through stepwise reconfiguration: A multi-level analysis of the transformation of American factory production (1850-1930) Technology in Society 35.018
Foxon T 2007 Technological lock-in and the role of innovation Handbook of Sustainable Development 34.170
Brown J et al. 2007 Developing radical technology for sustainable energy markets: The role of new small firms International Small Business Journal 33.885
Martin H & Coenen L 2015 Institutional Context and Cluster Emergence: The Biogas Industry in Southern Sweden European Planning Studies 33.828

5.2.2.3 Internal network structure

5.2.2.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.3 Research Area 3

5.2.3.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "ST internal Research Area: 03: ANT & Social construction"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Sovacool B 86 Science Technology and Human Values 184 University of Twente 256 technology 180 Hughes T (1983) Networks of Power: Electrification in West… 105
Rip A 75 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 141 Lancaster University 149 innovation 172 Hughes T (1987) The Social Construction of Technological S… 70
Lovell H 71 Energy Policy 132 Delft University of Technology 137 actor-network theory 139 Bijker W et al. (1987) The Social Construction of Technological S… 48
Stirling A 70 Social Studies of Science 95 Maastricht University 125 infrastructure 105 Latour B (1987) Science in Action 42
Hanseth O 70 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 93 University of Edinburgh 114 social construction of technology 102 Latour B (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientist… 41
Moss T 67 Energy Research and Social Science 84 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 113 actor network theory 102 Akrich M (1992) Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studi… 40
Geels F 64 Technology in Society 77 University of Sussex 112 sustainability 92 Winner L (1980) Daedalus 39
Bijker W 55 Journal of Urban Technology 54 Universitetet i Oslo 102 expectations 88 Callon M (1986) Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology … 38
Marvin S 45 Research Policy 54 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet 85 nanotechnology 80 Latour B (2005) Reassembling the Social: An Introduction t… 38
Michael M 42 Information Technology & People 51 Linköpings universitet 81 politics 78 Graham S & Marvin S (2001) Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastruc… 33

5.2.3.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Yoo Y et al. 2005 The role of standards in innovation and diffusion of broadband mobile services: The case of South Korea Journal of Strategic Information Systems 20.981
Geels F 2004 Understanding system innovations: A critical literature review and a conceptual synthesis System Innovation and the Transition to Su… 20.857
Hoyer K 2007 The battle of batteries: a history of innovation in alternative energy cars International Journal of Alternative Propu… 20.708
Geels F 2004 From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory Research Policy 19.442
Berkhout F et al. 2004 Socio-technological regimes and transition contexts System Innovation and the Transition to Su… 18.953
Weber M 2007 The neo-Schumpeterian element in the sociological analysis of innovation Elgar Companion to Neo-Schumpeterian Econo… 18.590
Tapia A & Ortiz J 2008 Deploying for deliverance: The digital divide in municipal wireless networks Sociological Focus 18.109
Davis K et al. 2013 Architecting technology transitions: A sustainability-oriented sociotechnical approach Systems Engineering 18.101
Bijker W 2009 Social Construction of Technology A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology 16.187
Bijker W 2009 How is technology made?-That is the question! Cambridge Journal of Economics 16.007

5.2.3.3 Internal network structure

5.2.3.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.4 Research Area 4

5.2.4.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "ST internal Research Area: 04: TM & Governance"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Brown R 409 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 402 Erasmus University Rotterdam 867 transition management 963 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 316
Loorbach D 368 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 291 Delft University of Technology 535 sustainability 697 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 107
Rotmans J 330 Ecology and Society 281 Monash University 449 transition 557 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 97
Kemp R 233 Sustainability (Switzerland) 216 Wageningen University and Research Centre 361 transitions 514 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 83
Frantzeskaki N 203 Journal of Cleaner Production 198 University of Sussex 226 governance 421 Loorbach D (2010) Governance 77
Whitmarsh L 154 Futures 171 University of East Anglia 192 sustainable development 276 Geels F (2005) Technological Transitions and System Innov… 74
Avelino F 152 International Journal of Sustainable Devel… 159 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 188 innovation 275 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 72
Grin J 152 Research Policy 141 University of Amsterdam 187 sustainability transitions 254 Loorbach D (2007) Transition Management: New Mode of Governa… 65
Farrelly M 144 Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 135 Maastricht University 151 socio-technical transitions 219 Shove E & Walker G (2007) Environment and Planning A 63
Haxeltine A 125 Energy Policy 120 Leuphana Universität Lüneburg 137 urban water 198 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 51

5.2.4.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Smith A & Stirling A 2010 The politics of social-ecological resilience and sustainable socio-technical transitions Ecology and Society 32.414
Ferguson B et al. 2013 A diagnostic procedure for transformative change based on transitions, resilience, and institutional thinking Ecology and Society 27.879
Rijke J et al. 2013 Configuring transformative governance to enhance resilient urban water systems Environmental Science and Policy 25.684
Bos J et al. 2015 Building networks and coalitions to promote transformational change: Insights from an Australian urban water planning case study Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 25.358
Moore A et al. 2018 Toward an integrative framework for local development path analysis Ecology and Society 25.298
Chappin E & Ligtvoet A 2014 Transition and transformation: A bibliometric analysis of two scientific networks researching socio-technical change Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 24.246
Werbeloff L & Brown R 2016 Using Policy and Regulatory Frameworks to Facilitate Water Transitions Water Resources Management 24.235
Brown R et al. 2013 Actors working the institutions in sustainability transitions: The case of Melbourne’s stormwater management Global Environmental Change 23.671
De Haan F et al. 2014 The needs of society: A new understanding of transitions, sustainability and liveability Technological Forecasting and Social Change 23.070
Haxeltine A et al. 2008 A conceptual framework for transition modelling International Journal of Innovation and Su… 22.934

5.2.4.3 Internal network structure

5.2.4.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.5 Research Area 5

5.2.5.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

## [1] "ST internal Research Area: 05: Energy transition & community energy"
Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Walker G 65 Energy Policy 271 Lancaster University 85 renewable energy 219 Walker G & Devine-Wright P (2008) Energy Policy 69
Devine-Wright P 59 Energy Research and Social Science 102 University of Exeter 80 community energy 138 Walker G (2008) Energy Policy 63
Seyfang G 49 Local Environment 65 University of Sussex 79 community 104 Seyfang G & Smith A (2007) Environmental Politics 44
Smith A 45 Sustainability (Switzerland) 46 University of East Anglia 58 energy transition 59 Walker G et al. (2010) Energy Policy 43
Hielscher S 35 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 37 University of Manchester 40 community renewable energy 55 Mitchell C et al. (2006) Energy Policy 42
Toke D 32 Renewable Energy 24 University of Edinburgh 28 grassroots innovations 52 Walker G & Cass N (2007) Area 41
Simcock N 32 Environment and Planning A 20 University of Twente 27 strategic niche management 47 Jacobsson S & Lauber V (2006) Energy Policy 40
Convery I 25 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate C… 18 University of Birmingham 26 energy 41 Wustenhagen R et al. (2007) Energy Policy 38
Rogers J 25 Environmental Politics 16 University of Cumbria 25 social acceptance 39 Rogers J et al. (2008) Energy Policy 32
Simmons E 25 Energy Economics 15 Cardiff University 24 feed-in tariff 38 Walker G et al. (2007) Global Environmental Politics 32

5.2.5.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Walker G 2011 The role for ‘community’ in carbon governance Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate C… 11.650
Jeong Y et al. 2012 Making power differently: Exploring the motives and meanings of community renewable energy development in cases from the UK and South Korea Advances in Ecopolitics 10.728
Walker G & Simcock N 2012 Community energy systems International Encyclopedia of Housing and … 9.752
Mey F et al. 2016 Can local government play a greater role for community renewable energy? A case study from Australia Energy Research and Social Science 9.294
Magnani N & Osti G 2016 Does civil society matter? Challenges and strategies of grassroots initiatives in Italy’s energy transition Energy Research and Social Science 9.208
Gormally A et al. 2014 "“They made gunpowder… yes down by the river there, that’s your energy source”": attitudes towards community renewable energy in Cumbria Local Environment 8.873
Hoppe T et al. 2015 Local governments supporting local energy initiatives: Lessons from the best practices of Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands) Sustainability (Switzerland) 8.799
Hielscher S et al. 2013 Grassroots innovations for sustainable energy: Exploring nichedevelopment processes among community-energy initiatives Innovations in Sustainable Consumption 8.674
Hielscher S et al. 2011 Community innovation for sustainable energy Working Paper - Centre for Social and Econ… 8.285
Park J 2012 Fostering community energy and equal opportunities between communities Local Environment 8.171

5.2.5.3 Internal network structure

5.2.5.4 Summary

TBD.